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European Leaders Struggle to Cope with Flood of Migrants; Japanese Teenager Speaks Out On Bullies in School; Wes Craven Dies at 76; President Obama Visits Alaskan Arctic. Aired 8:00a-9:00a ET

Aired August 31, 2015 - 8:00   ET

THIS IS A RUSH TRANSCRIPT. THIS COPY MAY NOT BE IN ITS FINAL FORM AND MAY BE UPDATED.


[08:00:19] KRISTIE LU STOUT, HOST: I'm Kristie Lu Stout in Hong Kong. And welcome to News Stream.

Now European leaders struggle to cope as more people flow through Europe's borders, risking everything to find a better life.

The MH370 mystery deepens, a source close to the investigation says we may never know for sure if this part really came from the missing plane.

And a Japanese teenager speaks out on the pressures of school and bullies. Details on a horrifying statistic surrounding September 1.

All across Europe, nations are coming to grips with what's been described as the worst migration crisis since World War II. Hungary is

allowing Syrian and Iraqi migrants to board trains heading to Germany. Now the migrants can travel to the border area, but it's not known if Germany

would let them enter.

Now we'll bring you more on that story in just a moment.

And in less than 24 hours, Austria has intercepted 200 refugees hiding inside vehicles trying to cross the border.

Now authorities have imposed security checks on all incoming large vehicles.

Now that follows the deaths of 71 migrants found last week inside a truck abandoned on a highway.

Now police have now arrested five people suspected of running a human smuggling ring. And on the heels of that terrible tragedy, the EU has

called for a special meeting to hammer out a plan to cope with the flow of migrants. And part of that involves (inaudible) in Greece and Italy for

registration.

Now the two countries have already received more than 300,000 migrants this year.

Now on the other side of Europe, the port of Calais is another focal point, some 3,000 people are believed that have gathered there, many trying

to stowaway in trucks or trains heading for the UK.

Now the French prime minister and an EU commissioner are there.

Let's get more now from our senior international correspondent Jim Bittermann who joins us now alive at the scene. And Jim, how do French and

European leaders plan to address the overall crisis and the acute situation there in Calais?

JIM BITTERMANN, CNN INTERNATIONAL CORRESPONDENT: Well, Manuel Valls, the prime minister of France, summarized it in three words. He said

humanity, responsibility and firmness basically saying that all of the migrants who are coming in, no matter where they're coming in, should be

treated with humanity. They should be treated responsibly, but with firmness was an interesting thing, because what he's saying is that the

firmness should apply to those refugees who are not asylum seekers, that is to say they're not coming from countries in crisis or at war, but rather

coming for economic reasons. Those people, he said, should be returned to their countries of origin. So in order to make this distinction between

these various migrants that are coming in -- and he put the figure at 340,000 since the beginning of the year, in order to make the distinction

he suggests, and the Europeans are going to suggest I think at that emergency meeting on the 14th of September, that they have centers set up

in the frontline states like Greece, Italy, Hungary and other places so that they can screen the people coming in to see exactly who they are --

Kristie.

LU STOUT: So, French authorities there making this very clear distinction between refugees and migrants and asylum seekers.

Now meanwhile, what is the feeling there in France, Jim? We know that thousands of people -- migrants have been gathering in Calais. They are

hoping to finally reach the UK. What is the feeling among the French people about the migrants and how to manage this overall crisis?

BITTERMANN: Well, it's definitely mixed. The Front Nationale, the extreme right party here, has made a good deal out of this whole thing,

because they're saying, of course, that nobody should be allowed in. More humanitarian types are saying, though, that they have to do something for

these people.

One of the places that the prime minister visited today along with the interior minister is something they call the jungle, which is this camp of

about 3,000 people, that is right near the entrance of the EuroTunnel right near the crossing point that many of them are hoping to make. And it's

gotten more and more organized since the 20th of August, for example, when Teresa May was here.

The interior minister of Britain and he -- she met with Cazeneuve, Bernard Cazeneuve the French interior minister. They came up with a kind

of temporary fix in the idea of more police and higher fences and that sort of thing. So that's the temporary solution. But what they've got to come

up, and I think that's what they were talking about today, with a longer- term solution that would have a permanent center up there to welcome the refugees and asylum seekers and try to just sort them out and decide who

might be eligible to cross over into England -- Kristie.

[08:05:10] LU STOUT: Yeah, a long-term solution definitely needed here but hard to bring everyone on board and different voices inside France

and of course across the Eurozone as well. Jim Bittermann joining us live.

Now, let's go straight to our senior international correspondent Arwa Damon. She joins us now live from Budapest, and Arwa we've seen your

reports. You have witnessed so much misery.

Unfortunately I just heard that -- unfortunately Arwa is not available at the moment. We'll try to bring her up as soon as we can.

Do we have Arwa available? Not quite yet. We'll try to bring her up a little bit later in the program.

Now, Thailand has issued two new arrest warrants in connection with that deadly bombing that took place at the Erawan shrine in Bangkok. Now,

police released images of the suspects only describing them as a man with a mustache and a Thai woman.

Now the warrants come after police say bombmaking materials were found in their residence during a weekend raid.

At least 22 people were killed and more than 100 were wounded in the attack on the Erawan shrine earlier this month.

Now you're watching News Stream. And coming up next on the program, anti-corruption protesters, they want Malaysia's prime minister to resign,

but he is refusing to go. Also coming up on the program, we'll be visiting a town on the world's most heavily fortified border. Residents have

practiced evacuations, but the real thing feels very different.

Also ahead, hundreds arrested for online rumor mongering as Beijing cracks down on those who try to talk about current events, including the

stock market slump.

(COMMERCIAL BREAK)

LU STOUT: Welcome back. You're watching News Stream.

And we have new information about a piece of plane wreckage that was found washed up on a beach on Reunion Island back in July. The flaperon

was suspected of being from the missing Malaysia airlines flight MH370, but today a French source close to the investigation has told CNN that may not

be possible to verify.

Now CNN's Martin Savidge is in Paris. He joins me now. And Martin, what have you learned from this French source?

MARTIN SAVIDGE, CNN CORRESPONDENT: Hello, Kristie.

Yes, this would indeed be a setback for the investigation and for the families of those who lost loved ones on board that aircraft as they try to

confirm their fate.

As we know, there's been almost a month now that French authorities have been investigating the flaperon, that's the part that was found on

Reunion Island and then transported to France for investigation.

Initially, they had hoped there would be some kind of serial number on this plane part that quickly they could trace back to MH370. That

apparently has not happened. We have a number of sources that have told us there is no serial number there. It may have been torn off or maybe it

didn't have it to begin with. No serial number.

So they looked inside and they found other parts in the interior of the flaperon. And they found that those parts have numbers. They also

found that those parts were made by a Spanish subcontractor.

They reached out to that company. Partly there was a delay because of holiday season here -- August, many people on vacation. But now an

engineer from that company has apparently got back to French investigators and said they have been unable through their records to trace the interior

parts back to MH370.

That is a huge blow, because right now, despite all their best efforts, French authorities say they cannot positively say that flaperon

came from MH370.

They strongly believe it did, but for the sake of the families and the sake of the world knowledge, they need to be 100 percent certain. They're

not there. And the concern is they may never get there with this piece -- Kristie.

LU STOUT: Martin, as you said, this is a huge setback in the investigation and such a blow for the families of the missing passengers

who have been waiting for answers. And some of them even thought they had the answer weeks ago.

Now we know that investigators, Martin, they have been studying this flaperon for a month now. What more do they need to verify that MH370 is a

source of the wing part? Do they need more time? Do they need more data?

[08:10:13] SAVIDGE: They need both. And in fact that's probably what their going to push forward with.

You know, the first thing would have been serial numbers. That's failed on them. Maybe now they'll have to get in to actually trying to do

some sort of analysis of the metals that were involved, try to compare and contrast -- I mean, really down to almost a molecular level of

identification. Whether that can actually even be done at all.

So, you know, it is a setback.

The families have been told initially that they were certain. Now, not so certain.

Now, again, because there aren't too many flaperons, and there aren't too many missing 777s, logically it should be from MH370, but to be 100

percent sure, you have to have this record connection. They haven't done it.

And the concern is that it may not happen. So right now all of the hopes that everyone had on this piece could be fading.

We expect to hear more from authorities perhaps later this week.

LU STOUT: All right. Martin Savidge reporting for us live from Paris. Thank you very much indeed for that, Martin. Keep us updated.

Now, let's return to the migrant crisis in Europe. Before the break, we were speaking to Jim Bittermann in Paris who talked about the focal

point for French authorities there. The migrant crisis in Calais where thousands of people have been gathering, waiting for safe passage to the

UK.

Now, let's look at the situation in Hungary where thousands of migrants have been waiting there to get to other nations in western Europe.

Now our senior international correspondent Arwa Damon joins us now live from Budapest with more. And Arwa, we've seen your stories, what you

filed over the last 24 hours. These desperate people just stuck in limbo, just waiting to reach western Europe. What's the situation for them now?

ARWA DAMON, CNN INTERANTIONAL CORRESPONDENT: Well, it does seem as if finally there has been something of at least a shift in regulations. And

those who can prove that they are from Syria and Iraq are being allowed to purchase tickets and board the trains for Austria and Germany. That is

what we were told by the officials that are in the train station, and that is what we have been witnessing throughout.

The masses that were camped out here are now up there waiting for their tickets, many of them packing up, they're also putting on in some

cases the last clean shirts that they do have, all of them very relieved. But at the same time a bit anxious. They're afraid that something is going

to possibly go wrong and they're going to end up being sent back here, because the conditions here for them have been absolutely miserable.

They've been camped out in this train station, Kristie, for days. There's no proper place to shower. A lot of them are running out money.

We've witnessed many of them, especially the mothers, having completely and understandably nervous breakdowns, because they simply can't take it

anymore.

But there has been a bit of respite when it comes to the Syrians and the Iraqis, but then you have all of the other nationalities that are here

-- Afghans, Pakistanis, people from Bangladesh, Myanmar and various African nations. They are not being allowed to board these trains just

yet. So they continue to remain stuck in limbo at this stage

LU STOUT: You know, it's so sad to hear a number of nationalities, a number of people, still not allowed to board at this point. And even among

those migrants from Syria and Iraq who are able to board, they're still feeling anxious. They're still uncertain about their fate.

Many, many people there desperately need help while they're stuck in this situation. Arwa, have you seen any international NGOs or aid groups

there in Hungary to help them?

DAMON: No, we have not, Kristie, and that is what is perhaps very surprising in all of this. We have not seen anyone at the train station

other than some local Hungarian non-profit migrant solidarity migration aid, for example, they are here in small numbers doing what they can.

You do see some people, their individual efforts in trying to distribute aid, but it's nowhere near enough.

And we didn't see this either when we were down at the border between Hungary and Serbia where refugees were coming across having walked under

the baking sun for hours and then having to beg and plead with the Hungarian police for water. And a lot of them have been asking us, you

know, why is it that no one has come to at the very least put up a tent, put up a tarp, give people water. They say, you know, we don't want a lot,

we just want water.

And even that is not been provided for them.

So, yes, the big question that these people have been raising, especially during their demonstrations in some instances, is where is the

United Nations? Where are all of these aid organizations? People understand that every single country is struggling to deal with this flow

of humanity as it is coming through, but it doesn't make sense, people can't comprehend the severe lack of even the most basics when it comes to

humanitarian assistance.

[08:15:01] LU STOUT: So you have seen no international aid groups, no international NGOs there on the ground to help these migrants who have been

stuck there at the train station where you are in Budapest. Have you seen Hungarian NGOs? And what is the mood among the people of Hungary about

this migrant crisis inside their own borders?

DAMON: Well, there are, yes, some Hungarian NGOs that actually specifically focus on the issue of migrants and refugees. Because they are

in a very tenuous position here in Hungary. This is not necessarily a government that is known to be migrant or refugee friendly. In fact,

opponents of the government accuse it of launching a deliberate anti- immigration campaign with massive billboards telling people if you're going to come to Hungary you can not take Hungarian jobs.

There are a number of individuals who are very fierce in their anti- immigration stances who people will tell you, you know, come through here. They curse at those who are here.

But you do have a small portion of the population that does empathize with what's happening. You do have these smaller non-profits on a very

localized level that are trying to help out as best they can.

But this is not a country that's known for its hospitality towards those who are most in need.

LU STOUT: Yeah, some help on a localized basis, as you put it, but that razorwire fence that Hungary has put up drawing a lot of ire from

neighboring countries in the EU and no international aid on the ground there.

Arwa Damon reporting. Thank you very much indeed for that update, Arwa.

Now, this is the scene today on the streets of the capital of Malaysia as the country marks national day. Its anniversary of independence from

British rule.

But the weekend was no celebration for the government. Tens of thousands took to the streets to demand the prime minister's resignation,

sporting these yellow t-shirts in support of Malaysia's bersi (ph), or clean, movement.

But the embattled prime minister is firmly dismissing the calls for his ouster. Instead, condemning the street demonstrations that he says

have threatened the peace and troubled the people.

Now, let's take a moment to look at where the bersi (ph) movement began. Prime Minister Najib Razak, he first came under fire when the Wall

Street Journal reported that some $700 million have been deposited into bank accounts in his name. He denied wrongdoing, and claimed that they

were legitimate deposits from unnamed foreign donors.

Now, this is former prime minister Mahathir Mohamed, and he is now the de facto leader of the protests and says that there was no rule of law in

Malaysia. Mahathir also says the only way to restore the old system is to remove the prime minister once his handpicked successor. And that is where

this weekend's protests come into play. Tens of thousands of people took to the streets in Kuala Lumpur and in other cities across the country, but

so far the embattled prime minister has weathered the storm.

Now, addressing a crowd of onlookers at today's national day celebrations, Malaysia's leader spoke out against the street protest while

failing to address the calls for his own resignation.

Now, one week ago, it seemed that North and South Korea were on the brink of all-out war. An artillery shell launched from the north sent

residents of a town in the south into underground shelters. It's something that they've practiced before, but this time it was no drill.

Kyung Lah reports.

(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)

KYUNG LAH, CNN INTERNATIONAL CORRESPONDENT: At the very end of South Korea sits Jung Myeon village, a tiny farm town on the edge of the world's

most heavily militarized border.

North Korea is only a few miles away. Its threat of war becoming an act of war.

A North Korean artillery shell launched across the DMZ last week, landing so close to this village the government ordered the 210 residents

into two underground bunkers. South Korea's military usually hidden in their hills, readied for an attack, the two Korea's at the brink of battle.

Days later, a temporary truce in place between the Koreas, Park Kyung- sae (ph) and wife Kim Shin-jae (ph) returned to life at their store.

It's a hard life. Their shelves don't need to be stocked, because no one is buying. The young, tired of life here, left.

"I hear boom, boom all the time," she says. "You become immune to it."

You don't think that North Korea will hurt you?

This last time was different, she explains.

"We've done the evacuation drills again and again, but this is the first time we've actually had to evacuate."

This bomb shelter has a giant blast door. It is solid steel. You can see how thick it is. We're a couple dozen feet underground and it's

solid concrete right above us.

The government says that this could withstand a direct hit from most North Korean artillery. 100 people can fit in here. And the last time

this town evacuated, they were in here for five days.

"I heard the North Korean gunfire that day," says Park Gyeong-ho (ph). He led his town's evacuation.

Why stay here? Why stay in this town?

"I'm not anxious. And I've never thought of leaving," he says calmly. I'm determined to protect my town.

"People in Seoul ask me how do you live here? If they're going to hit anything, it's going to be Seoul."

If there really is another Korean War, she says, we'll all die. Seoul sits within North Korea's artillery range as well. They just ignore how

close that threat is. This border town can't.

Kyung Lah, CNN, Jung Myeon, South Korea.

(END VIDEOTAPE)

LU STOUT: OK, now the AFP news agency is reporting that a loud explosion has been heard outside the Ukrainian parliament building in Kiev.

Now reports say protesters are clashing with police now.

The demonstrators there are taking issue with parliaments support of reforms that grant the country's rebel east special status.

We are monitoring developments. And we will bring them to you as soon as they come in.

Now, you're watching CNN. And after the break, paying tribute to an acclaimed neurologist and writer. We'll look at how Dr. Oliver Sacks spent

his life marrying clinical practice with stories that touched millions.

(COMMERCIAL BREAK)

LU STOUT: Coming to you live from Hong Kong, you're back watching News Stream.

Now Chinese authorities have arrested nearly 200 people for spreading rumors about the chemical explosions in Tianjin and the stock market slump.

Now Xinhua reports 165 online accounts have been shut down. It says the reporter at the business magazine Taijing (ph) has been detained

because of articles he wrote about the stock market turmoil.

Government officials have also been arrested.

Now, one of them worked at the office of the securities regulator. But for executives for a financial brokerage, are reported to have

confessed to insider trading.

Now U.S. stock futures signal the main indexes are poised for a lower opening when trading gets underway in just over an hour from now. And this

comes after it was always been a largely down day across European and Asian financial markets.

Now London's trading floors, they are closed for a public holiday, but the other major European benchmarks, they are mostly lower in morning

trade.

Now, the new trading week in Asia also got off to a rough start despite the upturn at the end of last week.

The Shanghai composite closed nearly 1 percent lower.

Now, stocks in Tokyo and Sydney also ended the session down more than 1 percent.

Now, the state of the energy market is in focus on CNN this week as the big slump in oil prices continues. Now as China's economic growth

slows. It is consuming less fuel than previously forecast.

Will Ripley looks at the domestic effects.

(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)

[08:25:21] WILL RIPLEY, CNN CORRESPONDENT (voice-over): This is China's version of Roman ruins, relics of rapid economic growth, left

crumbling by a changing economy. Tengzhou, a small industrial city by Chinese standards, 1.5 million people, a GDP bigger than Jamaica, but the

economic slowdown is taking a toll on people like Mah Shiching (ph) and Yuan Dishan (ph). Each spent 20 years working at this machine factory.

"Business was bad," he says, "so they shut it down."

RIPLEY: So what was in here?

(voice-over): Their job today: watch the empty buildings.

Everyone else transferred or laid off, fading factories a familiar sight in this neighborhood.

At the nearby marketplace, two-thirds of Yuang Chanmei's (ph) customers are gone. "Of course, I'm worried," she says. "I'm barely getting

by."

The world's second largest economy is still growing but traditional factories pumping out cheap exports are no longer a booming business.

For years, China paid top dollar for oil, demand in prices were high. Factories like this full of workers.

Today, they're cutting jobs, upgrading operations, moving to modern energy-efficient facilities. Combined with declining auto sales, the

world's largest energy consumer, which pumped up oil prices for years, is now driving them down.

These 65-year-old factory workers aren't sure where they fit in China's new normal.

RIPLEY: What's it like being here and it's just quiet all the time?

(voice-over): "Just two old men. It's boring. Nothing to do," he says. "So we just started farming while watching this place."

Before the reforms, before Chinese industry became robust, Mah (ph) and Yuan (ph) were farmers.

Now once again they find themselves tending crops, surrounded by reminders of their past, left behind, wondering about their future.

Even growing pomegranates.

(voice-over): Will Ripley, CNN, Tengzhou, China.

(END VIDEOTAPE)

LU STOUT: Now, there are now neurologists and author Oliver Sacks has died of cancer at the age of 82. The British foreign doctor was perhaps

best known as the inspiration for the doctor portrayed in the 1990 film Awakenings about a group of people who awoke after years of being in a

catatonic state.

Now Sacks had a long career in medicine and wrote about his patience, including his 1985 book "The Man Who Mistook His Wife for a Hat."

Now, for many young people, it's hard to face the pressures of school again after a long summer, but bullying and academic pressure are driving

some students to drastic measures in Japan. And one victim tells her story next.

(COMMERCIAL BREAK)

[08:30:35] LU STOUT: I'm Kristie Lu Stout in Hong Kong. You're watching News Stream. And these are your world headlines.

New information about a piece of plane wreckage found washed up on a beach on Reunion Island. Now the flaperon was suspected of being from the

missing Malaysian airlines flight MH370, but a French source close to the investigation tells CNN that the company manufactures parts it has

insufficient records to verify their origin.

Hungary is allowing migrants from Syria and Iraq, who can prove their country of origin to board trains headed for Germany. And in northern

France, the French prime minister and an EU commissioner are in the port of Calais. They are looking for ways to deal with the thousands of migrants

who have gathered there.

A court in Thailand has issued new arrest warrants in connection with the deadly bombing at a shrine in Bangkok. Now police released images of

the latest suspects, describing them as a foreign man and a 26-year-old Thai woman.

Now police tell us that the mother of the female suspect told authorities that her daughter left Thailand two months ago.

22 people were killed in the attack and more than 100 were wounded.

Now children and teenagers all over Japan will be returning to school after summer vacation this week. However, according to some horrifying

statistics from the Japanese government, more young people commit suicide on September 1, that's when school starts, then on any other day?

Now CNN spoke to one girl who came close to taking her life and faced with terrible bullying.

(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)

NANAE MUNEMASA, BULLYING VICTIM (through translator): I am Nanae Munemasa, 17 years old, a senior in high school.

It was the second year in elementary school when I was bullied for the first time. A girl I did not know suddenly tried to push me into the boys

bathroom. As I struggled to escape, she forced me to go inside, then dragged me out and into the girl's bathroom.

I was pushed against the sink and she slapped me. I just rushed into the cubicle and cried by myself.

While we were cleaning, the boys used to beat me with broom sticks. One time, I finished wiping the floor early, so I decided to take a quick

rest. The boy who was the leader of the bullies lied to the teacher that I was the only one who hadn't started cleaning, although I was the first one

to finish. The teacher believed his story. That's when I realized that teachers are not always reliable.

After that, I skipped school for a week.

I think anybody who has experienced bullying at least once will understand that feeling. I thought that cutting my wrists and committing

suicide would cause trouble for my parents and would not solve anything. So I did not go through with it.

The long break from school enables you to stay at home, so it's heaven for those who are bullied. But when summer ends, you have to take the

first step to going back. It takes a lot of courage going to school knowing that you'll be bullied.

In many cases, people force themselves to go to school and get deeply hurt, which leads to high levels of stress, and in the end they want to

commit suicide.

After I made the decision to stop going to school, I felt liberated. If you're scared to talk to your parents, you should talk to your friends

or to an adult you can trust. If you deal with this by yourself, you only think negatively.

I have been posting entries on my blog about bullying. It would be great if the blog helps at least one person stop thinking about committing

suicide.

Now, I am singing with a band called Nana Cafe (ph) together with my brother. If we could fill a house with fans at Buddha Camp (ph) that would

be awesome. And I would love to go to a foreign country at least once to sing.

In Japan, you have to fall in line with other people. And if you can't do that, you are either ignored or bullied.

But that uniqueness is not something to destroy. If you are currently not going to school, you shouldn't think that that's the end of the world.

I know I shouldn't say this when there are children around the world, you cannot afford to go to school.

But you're just a teenager. And it's not a lifechanging crisis. Life is still a long ride.

(END VIDEOTAPE)

[08:35:28] LU STOUT: Wow, what a wonderful young woman so brave, so generous with advice.

Now, the Futoku Shunbin (ph) is this Japanese non-profit organization and they print newspapers for children, for students, who want to stay home

to avoid bullying. In a special back to school edition they urged students to stay home if they want to, emphasizing the importance of life.

You're watching News Stream. Still ahead in the program, U.S. President Barack Obama is talking about climate change. His new warning

ahead of his trip to Alaska.

(COMMERCIAL BREAK)

LU STOUT: All right. Welcome back.

Now U.S. President Barack Obama heads to Alaska. His objective: to raise awareness about climate change. He says global warming is becoming

increasingly evident in the largest U.S. state with accelerated wildfires and vanishing glaciers.

Now, Mr. Obama will be the first sitting U.S. president to visit the Arctic.

Meterologist Chad Myers joins me now live from CNN weather center with more on the story. And Chad, how has Alaska and the region there been

affected by climate change?

CHAD MYERS, CNN METEOROLOGIST: Kristie Lu, I think the biggest effect will be the wildfire season, I mean, that's truly what we're seeing here,

millions of acres burning year after year. It has been one of the hottest years on record. We have El Nino going out there. Five of the seven

months of this year so far have been the hottest months of that month on record. And right now, Alaska at about 3.5 degrees above where it's been

over the past 50 years.

You back up 50 years ago, it will been about three-and-a-half degrees cooler.

But the problem is that it's not that much warmer in the summer, but it is certainly warmer in the winter. Six degrees warmer in the winter in

Alaska, that does not allow as much snow. That does not -- that just recreates a lot of melt of course on the glaciers as well.

But if the snow doesn't cover the land and you don't get that reflectivity of the sun you still warm things back up and the fire season

has been tremendous this year.

The annual record is 6.5 million. We're not even near the end of the season and we're already at 5 million acres that have burned.

It is a factor of warmer temperatures. The snow melts earlier. If the snow is not on the ground, then all of a sudden, things grow, things

dry out, and you get a longer fire season.

Something else that I think is very, very important for all of us to understand is that in Alaska we have permafrost. And so we do in Siberia,

Russia as well. When the permafrost begins to thaw, that's when we start to get methane coming out of ground. If that methane is a very potent

greenhouse gas. When that gets into the atmosphere, you're going to warm the atmosphere, you're going to melt more permafrost. Permafrost is like a

bog. It's just a bog that wants to rot. And when it rots it makes methane. And if its frozen it can't rot, but if it melts then all of a

sudden, that's the problem we're really concerned about that permafrost melting in Alaska, because when that happens we're going to get to this

point where more permafrost melts, more methane, more methane, more permafrost melts and we're going to get to a feedback cycle that we may not

be able to come out, Kristie Lu.

LU STOUT: Wow, Chad, really appreciate the briefing there. And also the explainer on permafrost, the power of permafrost and why we need to

protect it. Thank you so much for that and take care.

Now finally, his mission was to make you scream. Now Wes Craven was the visionary director that redefined how Hollywood did horror. And he

passed away Sunday at the age of 76.

Now John Berman looks at the life and legacy of the man who kept us up at night.

(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)

UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: Liar.

BERMAN (voice-over): Wes Craven dedicated his life to fear and making it just a little harder for us to shut our eyes at night. Classic films

like "Nightmare on Elm Street" and "Serpent and the Rainbow"...

UNIDENTIFIED MALE: Don't let them bury me. I'm not dead.

BERMAN: ... terrorized generations.

DREW BARRYMORE, ACTRESS: I'm getting ready to watch a video.

UNIDENTIFIED MALE: Really? What?

BARRYMORE: Just some scary movie.

BERMAN: The slasher "Scream" series redefined the genre. They became blockbusters, the original grossing more than $100 million in the U.S.

Throughout his dozens of films, Craven blurred the lines between reality and fantasy in ways few could match.

WES CRAVEN, DIRECTOR: Audiences don't pay me to scare them so much as address their fears.

BERMAN: A Cleveland native, Craven made his impact with his first film, "The Last house on the Left," in 1972, which he wrote, directed and

edited.

UNIDENTIFIED MALE: You open this door, Krueger!

BERMAN: Later it was Freddy Krueger and his famous knife- fingered hands in 1984, that made him a superstar.

UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: Who are you?

ROBERT ENGLUND, ACTOR: Remember me?

BERMAN: Craven said he got the idea for "Elm Street" while living next to a cemetery while growing up.

CRAVEN: We submitted to the MPAA, and they demanded so many cuts, we finally put all the material back in and just released it. And if we did

that today, we'd be hauled off in chains.

BERMAN: Throughout his career, Craven also had an eye for new talent: Johnny Depp, Sharon Stone, even Bruce Willis were featured by Craven early

in their careers.

Craven succumbed to brain cancer in Los Angeles Sunday night. He is survived by his wife, and three children, three grandchildren. Wes Craven,

dead at 76 years old.

(END VIDEOTAPE)

LU STOUT: Wow, his iconic scenes still give me goose bumps.

And that is News Stream. I'm Kristie Lu Stout. But don't go anywhere, World Sport with Alex Thomas is next.

END