Here’s a look at earthquakes worldwide.
The US Geological Survey describes an earthquake as “the ground shaking caused by a sudden slip on a fault. Stresses in the earth’s outer layer push the sides of the fault together. Stress builds up and the rocks slip suddenly, releasing energy in waves that travel through the earth’s crust and cause the shaking that we feel during an earthquake.”
Earthquakes are measured using seismographs, which monitor the seismic waves that travel through the Earth after an earthquake strikes.
Scientists used the Richter Scale for many years to measure earthquakes but now largely follow the “moment magnitude scale,” which USGS says is a more accurate measure of size.
Major Earthquakes since 2000
(selected timeline of earthquakes around the world with death tolls exceeding 100)
June 4, 2000 - A magnitude 7.9 earthquake strikes southern Sumatra, Indonesia, killing an estimated 103 people.
January 13, 2001 - A magnitude 7.7 earthquakes hits near San Miguel, El Salvador, killing an estimated 852 people.
January 26, 2001 - An estimated 20,000 people are killed by a magnitude 7.7 earthquake centered in Gujarat, India.
February 13, 2001 - Another earthquake strikes El Salvador, magnitude 6.6. Three hundred and fifteen people are estimated to have been killed.
June 23, 2001 - An estimated 138 people are killed in Peru by an 8.4-magnitude earthquake.
March 3, 2002 - In the Hindu Kush region of Afghanistan, an estimated 166 people are killed by a magnitude 7.4 earthquake.
March 25, 2002 - Another earthquake in the Hindu Kush region of Afghanistan, this one a magnitude 6.1, kills 1,000 people.
June 22, 2002 - A magnitude 6.5 earthquake strikes western Iran, killing an estimated 261 people.
February 24, 2003 - In southern Xianjiang, China, a magnitude 6.3 quake leaves an estimated 263 people dead.
May 1, 2003 - A 6.4-magnitude quake strikes eastern Turkey, killing approximately 177 people.
May 21, 2003 - An estimated 2,266 people are killed by a magnitude 6.8 quake in northern Algeria.
December 26, 2003 - A magnitude 6.6 earthquake strikes the city of Bam in southeast Iran. Around 31,000 people die in the quake.
February 24, 2004 - Approximately 631 people are killed in Morocco by a magnitude 6.4 quake.
December 26, 2004 - A magnitude 9.1 earthquake strikes off the west coast of Northern Sumatra, Indonesia. The earthquake and tsunamis generated by the earthquake kill 227,898 people in India, Sri Lanka, Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia, Somalia, Kenya, Tanzania and Bangladesh. The quake releases an amount of energy equal to a 100-gigaton bomb and lasts between 500-600 seconds.
February 22, 2005 - A magnitude 6.4 earthquake strikes central Iran, killing at least 612 people.
March 28, 2005 - A magnitude 8.6 earthquake strikes off the coast of Indonesia, on the same fault line that originated a December 26 earthquake that launched a deadly tsunami. At least 1,300 people are killed.
October 8, 2005 - A magnitude 7.6 earthquake strikes Pakistan. At least 86,000 people are killed.
May 26, 2006 - A magnitude 6.3 earthquake occurs in central Java, Indonesia, killing at least 5,749 people.
July 17, 2006 - A magnitude 7.7 quake strikes Java, Indonesia, killing an estimated 730 people.
August 15, 2007 - A magnitude 8.0 earthquake hits Peru, about 100 miles south of the capital of Lima. Approximately 514 people are reported dead.
May 12, 2008 - A magnitude 7.9 earthquake strikes in central China, killing more than 87,000 people.
October 28, 2008 - A 6.4-magnitude earthquake strikes Pakistan, killing an estimated 166 people.
April 6, 2009 - A magnitude 6.3 earthquake strikes central Italy, killing 295 people.
September 29, 2009 - A magnitude 8.0 earthquake in the Samoa Islands kills 192 people.
September 30, 2009 - A magnitude 7.6 earthquake strikes Sumatra, Indonesia, killing more than 1,000 people.
January 12, 2010 - A 7.0-magnitude earthquake strikes 14 miles west of Port-au-Prince, Haiti. USAID estimates the death toll to be about 230,000, but other estimates are as high as 316,000.
February 27, 2010 - An 8.8-magnitude earthquake strikes central Chile, killing an estimated 547 people.
April 13, 2010 - A 6.9-magnitude earthquake strikes China’s Qinghai province. Approximately 2,968 people are reported dead.
October 25, 2010 - At least 503 people die due to a magnitude 7.7 earthquake off Indonesia and a subsequent tsunami.
February 21, 2011 - A 6.3-magnitude earthquake strikes Christchurch, New Zealand. An estimated 181 people are killed.
March 11, 2011 - A 9.1-magnitude earthquake strikes near the east coast of Honshu, Japan, causing a massive tsunami. The quake’s epicenter is 231 miles away from Tokyo. The total of confirmed deaths and missing is over 22,000.
September 18, 2011 - A magnitude 6.9 earthquake strikes Sikkim, India, killing an estimated 111 people.
October 23, 2011 - A 7.1-magnitude earthquake strikes eastern Turkey. The death toll is 604 people.
February 6, 2012 - A 6.7-magnitude earthquake strikes off the coast of Negros, Philippines, killing at least 113 people.
August 11, 2012 - Two earthquakes hit northern Iran. The first to strike is a 6.4-magnitude earthquake. 11 minutes later, a second earthquake with a magnitude of 6.3 hits. At least 306 people are killed.
November 7, 2012 - A 7.4 earthquake off the coast of Guatemala kills an estimated 139 people.
April 20, 2013 - An earthquake strikes the southwestern Chinese province of Sichuan, killing at least 192 people. The USGS gauges it at 6.6-magnitude and the China Earthquake Networks Center estimates it at 7.0-magnitude.
September 24, 2013 - A magnitude 7.7 earthquake hits the Balochistan province of Pakistan. More than 300 people are reported killed.
August 3, 2014 - An earthquake hits China’s Yunnan province, killing at least 615 people and injuring more than 2,400. The USGS gauges the quake at 6.1 magnitude and the China Earthquake Networks Center estimates it at 6.5 magnitude.
April 25, 2015 - A 7.8-magnitude earthquake strikes Nepal, and is centered less than 50 miles from its capital Kathmandu. The death toll is more than 8,000, with 366 missing, according to Nepal’s National Emergency Operations Center. Weeks later on May 12, a 7.3-magnitude earthquake strikes the already reeling country of Nepal, killing at least 125 in Nepal, India and Tibet.
October 26, 2015 - A 7.5-magnitude earthquake hits South Asia, killing at least 364 people and injuring more than 2,000 others. The epicenter is in northeastern Afghanistan, but most of the deaths - at least 248 - are reported in Pakistan.
April 16, 2016 - A 7.8-magnitude earthquake strikes coastal Ecuador, killing 663 people.
August 24, 2016 - A 6.2-magnitude earthquake strikes central Italy, killing at least 290 people.
September 19, 2017 - A 7.1-magnitude earthquake hits Mexico City and surrounding states, killing at least 369 people.
November 12, 2017 - A 7.3-magnitude earthquake hits the border region between Iraq and Iran. More than 600 people are killed.
September 28, 2018 - A 7.5-magnitude earthquake strikes the Indonesian island of Sulawesi. More than 2,100 people are killed and 1,300 missing from the earthquake and resulting tsunami.
August 14, 2021 - A 7.2-magnitude earthquake strikes southwest Haiti. Two days later, Tropical Storm Grace brings strong winds and heavy rain to the same region, complicating relief efforts. Approximately 2,248 people are killed and 12,763 injured.
June 22, 2022 - A 5.9-magnitude earthquake strikes eastern Afghanistan. More than 1,000 people are killed and at least 1,500 are injured.
November 21, 2022 - A 5.6-magnitude earthquake hits the Cianjur region in West Java, Indonesia, killing more than 334 people.
February 6, 2023 - A 7.8-magnitude earthquake strikes Turkey and Syria. The epicenter is 23 kilometers (14.2 miles) east of Nurdagi, in Turkey’s Gaziantep province. More than 50,000 people are killed and tens of thousands injured.
September 8, 2023 - A 6.8-magnitude earthquake strikes Morocco. The epicenter is located in the High Atlas mountain range, about 72 kilometers (44.7 miles) southwest of Marrakech. Approximately 2,946 are killed and 5,674 are injured.
October 7, 2023 - A 6.3-magnitude earthquake strikes Afghanistan. The epicenter is located 25 miles (40 kilometers) west of Herat city in the western Herat province. More than 1,000 people are killed.
Largest Earthquakes from 1900 to present
May 22, 1960 - Chile, 9.5
March 28, 1964 - Prince William Sound, Alaska, 9.2
December 26, 2004 - Sumatra, Indonesia, 9.1
March 11, 2011 - Honshu, Japan, 9.1
November 4, 1952 - Kamchatka, Soviet Union, 9.0
February 27, 2010 - Chile, 8.8
January 31, 1906 - Ecuador, 8.8
February 4, 1965 - Rat Islands, Alaska, 8.7
August 15, 1950 - Assam, Tibet, 8.6
April 11, 2012 - Northern Sumatra, Indonesia, 8.6
March 28, 2005 - Northern Sumatra, Indonesia, 8.6
March 9, 1957 - Andreanof Islands, Alaska, 8.6
April 1, 1946 - Unimak Island, Alaska, 8.6
February 1, 1938 - Banda Sea, Indonesia, 8.5
November 11, 1922 - Chile-Argentina Border, 8.5
October 13, 1963 - Kuril Islands, 8.5
February 3, 1923 - Kamchatka, Soviet Union, 8.4
September 12, 2007 - Southern Sumatra, Indonesia, 8.4
June 23, 2001 - Arequipa, Peru, 8.4
March 2, 1933 - Sanriku, Japan, 8.4
Deadliest Earthquakes from 1900 to present
January 12, 2010 - Haiti - 316,000 killed (magnitude 7.0). Other sources report 230,000.
July 27, 1976 - Tangshan, China - 255,000 killed (7.5)
December 26, 2004 - Sumatra, Indonesia - 227,898 killed in quake and resulting tsunami (9.1)
December 16, 1920 - Haiyuan, China - 200,000 killed (7.8)
September 1, 1923 - Kanto, Japan - 143,000 killed (7.9)
October 5, 1948 - Ashgabat, Turkmenistan - 110,000 killed (7.3)
May 12, 2008 - Eastern Sichuan, China - 87,587 killed (7.9)
October 8, 2005 - Pakistan - 86,000 (7.6)
December 28, 1908 - Messina, Italy - 70,000 (7.2)
May 31, 1970 - Chimbote, Peru - 66,000 killed (7.9)